Table 2. Influence of crating density and weather conditions on skin temperature of broilers during transportation

Crating density	Weather1	Skin temperature (°C)
		Before transport	After transport	Skin temperature change
10.3 birds/m2	Summer	38.57	40.87	2.30
11.5 birds/m2		38.60	40.63	2.03
12.8 birds/m2		38.90	41.33	2.43
14.1 birds/m2		38.57	41.10	2.53
15.4 birds/m2		38.87	41.60	2.73
10.3 birds/m2	Winter	37.37	36.53	0.83
11.5 birds/m2		37.30	36.27	1.03
12.8 birds/m2		38.13	37.93	1.20
14.1 birds/m2		36.90	35.40	1.50
15.4 birds/m2		38.10	37.70	0.40
SEM		0.131	0.148	0.097
Main effect
Crating density
10.3 birds/m2		37.97	38.70	1.57
11.5 birds/m2		37.95	38.45	1.53
12.8 birds/m2		38.52	39.63	1.82
14.1 birds/m2		37.73	38.25	2.02
15.4 birds/m2		38.48	39.65	1.57
SEM		0.167	0.460	0.173
Weather
Summer		38.70	41.11	2.41
Winter		36.56	36.77	0.99
SEM		0.130	0.183	0.101
P-value
Crating density		0.490	0.796	0.878
Weather		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Crating density × Weather		0.787	0.198	0.218
Crating density (linear)2		0.495	0.595	0.685
Crating density (quadratic)2		0.789	0.854	0.748

Weather: Summer = high ambient temperature (27°C), Winter = low ambient temperature (−9°C).
Linear and quadratic effects of increasing crating density with the pooled data of broilers from different weather.
SEM, standard error of the mean.