Table 5. Effect of diet supplementation with pine cone extracts on cecal microbiota of semi-broiler

Items	Treatment¹
Items	Control(−)	Control(+)	PCEE	PCEHE
Total bacteria (log CFU/g)	8.90±0.19^a	8.86±0.06^a	7.79±0.15^b	8.77±0.18^a
Lactic acid bacteria (log CFU/g)	8.11±0.28^a	7.49±0.14^b	7.39±0.21^b	8.08±0.05^a
Coliform bacteria (log CFU/g)	7.39±0.14	7.18±0.20	7.87±0.91	7.99±0.10
Salmonella spp. (log CFU/g)	2.69±0.41	3.09±0.30	3.61±0.61	2.45±1.20

Means±standard deviation (n=5/group) in the same rows with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05).
Control(−), no antibiotics and pine cone extracts; Control(+), 2% antibiotics (20 g/kg basal diet); PCEE, 2% pine cone ethanol extract (20 g PCEE/kg basal diet); PCEHE, 2% pine cone ethanol-hexane extract (20 g PCEHE/kg basal diet).