Table 5 Summary effects of agricultural byproduct feeding on blood characteristics of broiler

Items	Fixed effect model				Random effect model				Heterogeneity
	ES1	SE2	P-value		ES	SE	P-value		I2	Q	P-value
Blood glucose	0.15	0.16	0.35		0.10	0.39	0.79		82.03	83.46	<0.01
Total cholesterol	—1.09	0.13	<0.01		—1.47	0.28	<0.01		77.14	96.23	<0.01
Triglyceride	—0.54	0.13	<0.01		—0.61	0.27	0.02		75.01	76.02	<0.01
HDL	0.55	0.14	<0.01		1.17	0.42	0.01		86.71	142.96	<0.01
LDL	—0.50	0.16	<0.01		—0.67	0.62	0.28		91.71	229.28	<0.01

¹ ES, summarized effect size based on standardized mean difference.
² SE, standard error of summarized effect size.